Measuring The Fair Value Essay Example for Free

Measuring The Fair Value Essay Financial Accounting Standard seven (FAS 7) guides entities in determining the fair value estimates for the financial statement needs. This is a general rule that is applied worldwide so that figures appearing in statements may make sense to all stakeholders. Such unbiased figures will be of use incase local companies want to trade internationally, because uniformity in cost or value measurements are made uniform. Financial Accounting Standard one hundred and fifty seven (FAS 157), is applicable to either financial or non financial assets or liabilities being measured fairly as per authorities on accounting pronouncements. The absence of a particular consistent framework in fair value estimates for quoted prices can create inconsistencies or incomparability. The Financial accounting Standards framework does away with inconsistencies on the balance sheet figures as per historical cost and income statement figures. According to Financial Accounting Standard one hundred and fifty seven (FAS 157), fair value is the price received when selling an asset and the amount paid in transferring a liability in a transaction that is taking place on active markets. This price may also be called the exit value. Such prices are determined by both financial and economic factors and operate at free will, while holding other factors constant. It can also be determined by considering that all participating parties are acting at free will and are competing for the few available resources. Fair value in future markets is an equivalent amount in future contracts. This will be an equivalent of the spot price just after you have considered compounded interest or lost dividends due to the fact that investors own future contracts but not physical stocks for a particular time period. A liability’s fair value is the sum for incurring the liability or selling it on any current transaction. (Brian, 2007 p.35-45) FAS 157 stress using market input when making an estimation of an asset’s or liability’s fair value. Prices that are quoted, data for credits and curves for yields are instances for market inputs under FAS157. Quoted prices may measure fair value most accurately but due to the non existence of active markets other techniques may be used in estimating asset’s or liability’s fair value. Under FAS157 assumptions applied in estimating fair value may be from a non related market participant’s perspective. It will therefore be necessary to identify the market for trading an asset or liability. (Brian, 2008 p.46-52). Conclusion: Incase of the availability of more than one market, FAS 157 expects the ‘much advantageous market’ to be used. Prices and costs for transacting should be considered when estimating the much advantageous market. It can therefore be concluded that fair value accounting is the greatest relevant estimate in financial instruments. Fair value accounting should be retained in financial accounting, because it ensures a true and unbiased view of the financial statements. Financial statements will be a clean representation of an entity’s financial and economic position to all stakeholders who might be interested in the performance of any publically traded company. REFERENCES: AICPA. (2010). Fair value Accounting @http://www.aicpa.org/MediaCenter/fva_faq.htm   Retrieved On May 4 2010 Brian, N. (2007). Retaining Fair Value in Accounting. London: Oxford University Press. Brian, N. (2008). The Need for Fair Value Accounting. New York: Nerd Press. Gerald, M. (2009). Fair Value Accounting Fraud: New Global Risks and Detection Techniques. New York: Harcourt and Brace. James, W. (2009).   Market to Market and Fair Value Accounting. New York: Nerd Press. James, W. (2009). Fair Value Accounting Principles. New York: Harcourt and Brace. Mark, L. (2008). Fair Value Measurements: practical Guidance and Implementation

The Impact of Ophelia on Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Impact of Ophelia on Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   Could the Bard of Avon have created a more innocent and obedient young lady in Hamlet than the victimized Ophelia? I think not. Let us discuss the ups and downs of her life in the play.    Michael Pennington in â€Å"Ophelia: Madness Her Only Safe Haven,† describes personality traits of the young lady: This is the woman she might have become – warm, tolerant and imaginative. Instead she becomes jagged, benighted and imaginative. . . .Ophelia is made mad not only by circumstance but by something in herself. A personality forced into such deep hiding that it has seemed almost vacant, has all the time been so painfully open to impressions that they now usurp her reflexes and take possession of her. She has loved, or been prepared to love, the wrong man; her father has brought disaster on himself, and she has no mother: she is terribly lonely. (73-74)    Helena Faucit (Lady Martin) in On Some of Shakespeare's Female Characters reveals the misunderstood character of Ophelia:    My views of Shakespeare's women have been wont to take their shape in the living portraiture of the stage, and not in words. I have, in imagination, lived their lives from the very beginning to the end; and Ophelia, as I have pictured her to myself, is so unlike what I hear and read about her, and have seen represented on the stage, that I can scarcely hope to make any one think of her as I do. It hurts me to hear her spoken of, as she often is, as a weak creature, wanting in truthfulness, in purpose, in force of character, and only interesting when she loses the little wits she had. And yet who can wonder that a character so delicately outlined, and shaded in with touches so fine, should be o... ...    Lehmann, Courtney and Lisa S. Starks. "Making Mother Matter: Repression, Revision, and the Stakes of 'Reading Psychoanalysis Into' Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.1 (May, 2000): 2.1-24 <URL: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/06-1/lehmhaml.htm>.    Pennington, Michael. â€Å"Ophelia: Madness Her Only Safe Haven.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of â€Å"Hamlet†: A User’s Guide. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint of Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.      

Private Peaceful Essay

Have you ever felt like a character in the book that you are reading? Some authors write in such a way that makes the reader feel as if he or she were actually in the book. Michael Morpurgo is one of those authors. In Private Peaceful, he uses characterization, imagery, and setting to really help the reader understand and relate to the plot. Characterization plays a key role in making the reader relate to the plot. For example, in the beginning of the book, Tommy feels as if he does not belong in society. He is also dependent on Charlie and looks up to him to protect him and guide him through life. But, towards the end of the story, Tommy becomes completely independent and matures into a young, confident soldier. The situation shows the reader how war changes people not only on the outside but also on the inside. Another example is the friendship between Molly, Charlie, and Tommy. They had a deep friendship all through their early years and into their teens. Morpurgo then developed that friendship into a relationship between Molly and Charlie. This eventually excludes Tommy from the group and adds to the fact that he does not belong. The reader can relate to this if they have ever been excluded from a group or ever had a girl that they loved stolen form them. Another literary element that makes the reader connect to the book is setting. The setting is very detailed. The Peacefuls’ live in Hatherleigh, England which is near the southern part the United Kingdom. When Morpurgo describes where they live, the reader gains a picture of the setup of the town. He describes the house as an old cottage home which is next to a large hill. On top of that hill, the Colonel, the man that Tommy and Charlie’s mother works for and the man that owns their house, lives in his mansion. This provides an image that the reader can use throughout the story. Another example of where they live is the creek that lies just at the bottom of the hill where Molly, Charlie, and Tommy fished for trout when they were younger. This helps the reader connect situations to the picture that they already have of the layout of Hatherleigh. The setting then moves to France where Charlie and Tommy get thrown into the war. Morpurgo paints a mental picture of the setting as their bunker is right in front of no-man’s land and the enemy right on the other side of no-man’s land. He does this so the  reader has an understanding of how close the enemy is to Tommy. The final literary element used in this book is imagery. Morpurgo uses visual, auditory, and olfactory imagery in the book. He uses auditory when Charlie, Tommy, Hanley, and the rest of the squad are sitting in the bunker and Hanley is ordering them to make a break for it but Charlie ignores the order and the rest of the squad moves with Hanley. Morpurgo depicts the rattling of the machine guns and the screams of the soldiers that were cut short. The visual imagery is used when the wall of Germans are coming over no-man’s land. He describes the German’s as an invincible wall that cannot be penetrated until he sees the Germans’ falling to their knees and falling over. This helps the reader see the wall and the Germans’ falling to their knees. Olfactory imagery is used when he is in the bunkers in France. Tommy smells men that have not taken showers in weeks and the stench of death. The reader now has an understanding of what war and death smells like. This makes the reader feel as if he or she were in Paris. The literary elements in the story bring the whole story together. The characterization, imagery, and setting makes the reader connect to the book and not just understand it. This book really explains the cost of war on cities as well as the people in it.

Unit 5 Exam World War I - 1315 Words

Unit 5 Exam: World War 1 Lesson 1: Alliances The unconditional support from alliances can be blamed to cause World War I. The nature of the alliances is laid out in the alliance document. The alliances stipulated assistance and contribution of the signing parties in the event of conflict. It can extend from money or logistic sponsorship, similar to the supply of materials or weapons, to military activation and a statement about war. Partnerships might likewise contain currency components, for example, trade agreements, investment or loans. It is best known to cause World War I. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European nations formed, abolished, or restructured their own alliances. By 1914, the Great Powers of Europe split into two opposing alliance blocs. For quite a long time Europe had been a mixture of ethnic and regional competitions, political interests, contending desires, military dangers, suspicions and disorder. France and England were antiquated foes whose competition ejected into open fighting a few times betw een the fourteenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years. Relations between the French and Germans were additionally beset, while France and Russia likewise had their disparities. The leaders of Austria-Hungary considered Serbia in charge of Archduke Francis Ferdinand s demise in a terrorist assault in 1914. Leaders of Austria-Hungary wanted to rally the people of their vanishing empire going to war against the minuscule Serbia, trusting aShow MoreRelatedHY 1110-101-6 Unit II assessment Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Review Test Submission: Unit III Assessment HY 1110-101-6, American History 1 {;l Unit III Page 1 of6 Review Test Submission: Unit III Assessment Review Test Submission: Unit III Assessment User Submitted 10/14/114:57 PM Status Completed Score 97 out of 100 points Instructions 1. You may open this assessment multiple times but you may only submit it once. 2. 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